During the next 7 days I will try to educate the community about the origins, rules and art of Text Art & Typography. To start things off, i put together this little introduction to the 2 galleries here on dA. I will get more into detail in the following days, so keep your eyes open for more.
Please read my What is Digital Text Art article to learn more about it.
I wrote that article before the galleries were updated, so the name is a bit out of date.
The 2 galleries of Text Art & Typography are all about type and letters. Imagery created using type or illustrating type itself. In Digital Art Text Art was the first medium to combine type and illustration. With the release of programs like Photoshop or Illustrator the options to digitally create typographic art have exploded in the last 30 years.
What is Text Art?
You can compare Text Art to Pixel Art. But instead of square shapes you use letters or glyphs to create an image. What you need is a monospaced or fixed-width font.
There are 2 sub-categories to the genre, ASCII and ANSI.
ASCII is the original Text Art, it makes use of the characters a font offers. It can be the alphabet but also other elements like brackets or punctuation marks. It was first created using typewriters where every type has the same width. You can digitally create ASCII in any simple text editor.
The mose famous examples are probably emotes: ^_^ o_O xD :S or =-o are all simple ASCII images.
ANSI is a second form of Text Art which uses lines and blocks to create the image. If you still remember the DOS appearance or computer games from the 80, you remember ANSI art. Their graphic elements were created using the same elements ANSI art uses.

What is Typography?
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type, designing a type face or modifying letters. The arrangment of type involves choosing a typeface, setting a font size and line height, adjusting spaces between words (tracking) and letters (kerning) and many more things.
In the first place Typography is mainly a design feature. You can find it in Logos, Posters, Flyers, Advertisement, Magazines and Websites.
But it also can be an Illustration. You can use an existent font or create your own letters. You can use letters to create an image. It can be created using many digital mediums, like drawings, vectors, collages, 3D or photomanipulation. The focus of your artwork can be a message written down and further illustrated or an image created by type. You can design your own font or make a calligraphic illustration.
That is why the gallery is split into 5 sub-categories:
Calligraphy, Conceptual, Font Design, Miscellaneous and Text-based Imagery.

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it used to all be text art not so long ago